Placoid Scales on Sharks and Rays

Placoid Scales on Sharks and Rays Placoid scales are the tiny tough scales that cover the skin of sharks, rays, and other elasmobranchs. Even though placoid scales are similar to the scales of bony fish, they are modified teeth and are covered with hard enamel. They grow out of the dermis layer and this is why they are called dermal denticles. Placoid scales are packed tightly together, supported by spines, and grow with their tips facing backward. This gives the fishs skin a rough feel. The function of these scales is for protection against predators. In some sharks, they may also have a hydrodynamic function, helping them swim more efficiently and quietly. The placoid scales are shaped such that little vortices form, reducing friction as the shark swims. They also direct the water around the fish. The Structure of Placoid Scales The placoid scales grow out of the dermis, with the flat rectangular base plate embedded in the skin of the fish. Like our teeth, placoid scales have an inner core of pulp made up of connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerves. Like the pulp cavity of a tooth, it is nursed by a layer of odontoblast cells that secrete dentine. This hard, calcified material forms the next layer. The dentine is covered by enamel-like vitrodentine, which is produced by the ectoderm. Once the scale erupts through the epidermis, no more enamel can be deposited on that portion of the scale. Different species have different kinds of spines develop to support the scales. The spines give the scales their rough texture. It is so rough that it has been used as sandpaper by various cultures form many centuries. The species of fish can be identified by the shape of the scales and spines. On some sharks, they are shaped like a duck foot. Scales in bony fish grow as the fish gets larger, but placoid scales stop growing after they reach a certain size, and then more scales are added as the fish grows. Shark Skin Leather The tough nature of the placoid scales makes shark rawhide leather, called shagreen. The scales are ground down so the surface is rough with rounded protrusions. It can take on dye colors or be left white. It was used in Japan to cover sword hilts, where its rough nature was appreciated to help form a good grip. Other Types of Fish Scales Ctenoid scales are another kind of toothed scales, but the teeth are only along the outer edge of the scale. They are found on fish such as perch that have spiny fin rays. Cycloid scales have a smooth texture and they are found on fish with soft fin rays, including salmon and carp. They are rounded and show growth rings as they grow with the animal. Ganoid scales are diamond-shaped and they do not overlap, but they fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. They are seen on gars, bichirs, and reedfishes, and they act like armor plates.

Definition and Examples of Initial Letters

Definition and Examples of Initial Letters Definition An initial is the first letter of each word in a proper name. Guidelines for using initials in reports, research papers, and bibliographies (or reference lists) vary according to the academic discipline and appropriate style manual.  See Examples and Observations below. Also see: AbbreviationAcronymBackronymInitialeseInitialismRAS Syndrome EtymologyFrom the Latin, standing at the beginning   Examples and Observations Different Views on Spaces and Periods With Initials- Most style manuals call for spacing between initials in a personal name: A. B. Cherry (not A.B. Cherry). There are no spaces, however, between personal initials that are not followed by periods (FDR, LBJ).(Amy Einsohn, The Copyeditors Handbook, University  of California Press, 2005)- Use periods and no space when an individual uses initials instead of a first name: H.L. Mencken.(The Associated Press Stylebook 2015. Basic Books, 2015)- Although full first names with middle initials (if any) are preferred in most copy, two or more initials may be used if that is the preference of the person mentioned: L.P. Arniotis, with a  thin space between initials.(Allan M. Siegal and William G. Connolly, The New York Times Manual of Style and Usage, 5th ed. Three Rivers Press, 2015) Initials in Bibliographies- The practice of using initials to represent given names has been more common in Europe than in America or Australia. Various celebra ted names are rarely given in any other form: C. P. E. Bach, T. S. Eliot, P. G. Wodehouse. In bibliographies and referencing systems (author-date-Vancouver), the use of initials is well established . . .. Both the Chicago Manual of Style (2003) and Copy-editing (1992) use stops after each initial, as well as space, as shown in the names above. But in common usage the space between initials is being whittled down (C.P.E. Bach, T.S. Eliot, P.G. Wodehouse) making the spacing  exactly like that used in initialisms. . . . The practice of using an initial as well as a given name, as in J. Arthur Rank, Dwight D. Eisenhower is more widespread in the US than in the UK.(Pam Peters, The Cambridge Guide to English Usage. Cambridge University Press, 2004)- [In APA Style, arrange] entries [in a reference list] in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author followed by initials of the authors given name.(Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. 2010)- [In a list of works cited in MLA Style] give the authors name as it appears on the title page. Never abbreviate a name given in full. If, for example, the title page lists the author as Carleton Brown, do not enter the name as Brown, C. But use initials if the title page does.(MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, 7th ed. Modern Language Association of America, 2009) LWV and AARPTake the League of Women Voters. The group was founded in 1920 during a convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, held only six months before the 19th Amendment was ratified, giving women the right to vote. . . .[T]hose at the state level say that some League officers would like to follow the lead of the AARP, now more recognized for its initials than for the stodgier and sometimes misleading name, the American Association of Retired Persons. The AARP made the change partly because so many of its members, who are as young as 50, are still working. We are working hard to put out the logo, LWV, said Martha Kennedy, state membership chairwoman.(Kate Stone Lombardi, Traditional Womens Groups Are Neither, The New York Times, Dec. 7, 2003) ESPN and TNNIn 1985, the Entertainment and Sports Programming Network became just ESPN, with no reference to the original meaning. . . . TNN was once the Nashville Network, then became the National Network when it deep- sixed its hootenanny programming.(Seth Stevenson, Alphabet Soup: Now What Does KFC Stand for? Slate, May 3, 2004) The Lighter Side of Initials- Fulgencio Umberto. The initials for that are F.U. Pritchett, which is exactly what it feels like right now.(Ed ONeill as Jay Pritchett in Fulgencio. Modern Family, 2013)-  Howard Wolowitz: Check it out. I used the atomic force microscope in the materials science lab and wrote our initials in a heart one one-thousandth the size of a grain of sand.Leonard Hofstadter: Oh-ho. Thats cool.Howard Wolowitz: A micro-valentine for a microbiologist.Leonard Hofstadter: From her micro-husband.(Simon Helberg and Johnny Galecki, The Tangible Affection Proof. The Big Bang Theory, 2013)

Managing Change Master Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Managing Change Master - Case Study Example Also, measures and ways to monitor the change process will be examined. The project will end with an examination of other change management methods that XYZ aught to have used, and the challenges that the organization may face in the foreseeable future spanning from the next five to ten years and possible contingent solutions to these problems. For change to be successful, commitment is vital. According to Kotter, "Most people won't go on the long march unless they see compelling reasons to do so and the reasons are producing expected results". This question addresses the internal and external forces of change affecting XYZ construction Organisational paradigm according to Johnson & Scholes (1997) are those set of assumptions, beliefs which are rarely talked about, which are not considered problematic and most often managers in an organisation are unlikely to be explicit about it. It reflects the collective experience without which members of an organisation would have to do things their own way in different situations they face (Johnson 1992, Johnson &Scholes 1997). According to Dwyer & Kemp (2000:3), "the forces at work in the environment and the organisations capabilities in coping with these, are made sense of in terms of the individual experience of managers and the collective assumptions within the paradigm". Figure one below summarises the cultural web and the organisational paradigm as construed by Johnson and Scholes (1997 Fig. 2.10, p. 69) These assumptions are more commonly observed in conversations, discussions between the different stakeholders in an organisation (Dwyer & Kemp 2000). In some situations assumptions are deeply embedded in an organisation and its' members that it can only be manifested through peoples action (Dwyer & Kemp 2000). In all, these assumptions, ways of doing things are the backbone of the organisation (Johnson 1992, Johnson &Scholes 1997). In XYZ company, the internal factors affecting the change process as deduced from the case include the poor working relationship, less friendly workers who make cooperation and team work difficult, poor management and the autocratic management style of the previous director. The culture and the taken for granted assumptions were at the

Essay NO. U2 P2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

NO. U2 P2 - Essay Example These can be understood as part of the employability skills. For instance, the most required personal skills are flexibility and adaptability which means that employees are able to generate new ideas while also showing openness to different concepts presented to them. Moreover, people who have the ability of working independently are preferred most. An individual’s professionalism increases when he/she is able to act positively while maintaining all the required codes of ethics. Energy and positive attitude further helps in achieving difficult tasks. However, it should also be reflected in one’s personality, outlook, manners etc. Communication skills have very high significance when it comes to employability because an employee who does not have good verbal and written communication skills then he cannot work efficiently. These include the ability to maintain eye contact and clear pronunciation of words. Following are the most important communication skills: Open mindedness: Newly hired employees must have open mindedness towards their co-workers, managers and sub-ordinates. This will help them in generating positive emotions while respecting one another to a greater extent. It is usually helpful in outlining the skills, education and trainings required to perform by a job candidate. It helps employers to distinguish individuals on the basis of their application forms whereas employees also evaluate different work opportunities through the job description. It consists of following sub-sections: Attributes and requirements: In order to fulfill the organizational requirements employers outline certain attributes which they want to see in potential candidates. For instance, if the job requires machinery work then the specific machines to be used by the employee should be mentioned here. It also includes details about the work environment. Evaluation and

System Analysis Design Essay Example for Free

System Analysis Design Essay This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, the objectives of the study with its two type’s general and specific objectives, hypothesis of the study, scope and delimitation of the study, the significance of the study and the definition of terms. INTRODUCTION In part of human life, there are occasions that are traditionally being celebrated by people. Occasion’s that serves already part of them like for example birthdays, debut, weddings, reunion, conference and many more. This occasion’s or celebrations represents important for once life but it would be look more astonishing if this bunch of event were be held simple but with glamour and elegance as how the celebrant or the event wanted to see or look forward to by the people who are involve with it. That’s why there are these Organizing Companies who are out in the Market to serve people to make those events look more even better and possible. World are now getting technologically progressing and there are this Internet’s and gadget’s nor devices make people work easy and faster. This very much useful and helpful for the Companies to advertize their business throughout Internet and serve as advantage for those who are in online businesses especially for those Event’s and Organizing Companies to publish such very accommodating, friendly and unique website for the company but most importantly is how this website work in for your business if how this can serve people to satisfy not just for your business but as well to the costumer who are inquiring to you. Handling such particular event and organize it is not an easy work it took a lot of effort, time but most importantly the preparation. And well, it will cost you fair enough. Booking are very particular to us, it is also look like a reservation if the customer is willingly wanted to hire you’re company to serve them. But what can make it better if you can do it booking systematically and technologically oriented? Well, there are big differences between manual and systematic approach especially the part of how it works.  And that this study serves to look out what can this do to make your Event and Organizing Company productive, demanding and knowingly unique, accommodating but also industrious. And through that we would like to introduce to you the Online Booking System with it’s freely way. Online Booking System can help to keep transactional record of the client orderly and safe, manage it wittily by the person who has the direct access with the system. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Originated on year 2010, Event Avenue is an event organizing company that caters multiple events in any type of, it would be for corporate, debut, wedding and etc. their office located right at Pioneer, General Santos City beside near Rosver. Event Avenue has this virtue â€Å"we can work within your budget† will it very true by just your budget it come out to like elegant. By the way, it has three (3) staff working on field and one (1) left in the office. However, they are small in numbers of employee but the company was very rich having the complete equipment for any events that they venture. Event Avenue was founder by two (2) siblings Jhoanna Jane and Nerisa S. Javier. The sisters live somewhere in Lagao, Generaal Santos City. The sisters were raise by a Christian Family. The Business could be affected having a Christian owner to establish a very trustworthy company to dwell by the customer. One thing one the Event Avenue they not very particular of the profit they could gain in the business. They believe honest and trustworthy could lead them more into success for just being appreciated by their customer through their hard work. This would be make a difference having a great virtue in them believing things you do right can make an output of righteous also. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The study will be directed towards the end of the result which solves the following problems, impediments and difficulties encountered with the manual approach: Can the proposed system manage the record of the clients? Will the proposed system able to secure and keep the records of client transactions? How reliable and accurate was the proposed system compared to manual service of booking? Will the proposed system able to generate hard copy reports? OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The main point of study is to create a system which can give specific recommendations of the clients and also to have manageable and organized systematic reference of transactions table. This will enumerate in the following general and specific objectives. GENERAL OBJECTIVE To develop an online systematical system that can organized booking with ease which prove the beneficial in safekeeping of customer records and suits the need of the users. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES The study’s main point is the following: To create a unique commercialized system that let the employees manages and organized the transactions event and put into timetable. To create instant retrieving of transaction regarding through the registered client. To create online booking system that market the products show off the menu packages online with possible descriptions. HYPOTHESES OF THE STUDY These are the following Alternative and Null Hypothesis of the proposed system which intended to be made. Alternative Hypotheses In conducting the study, the proponents would like to show how the system works and resulted to: That the system can be good at accommodation and easy to manage and very productive for the company. That the system brings organize output transaction and keeps records orderly. That the system contributes descriptions of specified want/need of the client. Null Hypotheses The proponents differentiate and find evidence to the result of the system consistency to the following: The system can be inoperative if the internet connection is slow and the same with computer used if it’s lagging; it may unsatisfied the client. The specification of output data is just based on what given information but this will be conflicted whether the client backing on the terms or give incorrect information. The system will gone out productive, particular if the client is minimal. SCOPE AND DELIMITATION OF THE STUDY The following below are the scope and delimitation regarding the proposed system, if how does will work regardless any limitations. SCOPE The following are scopes of the study: It focuses on the online booking of the customer. It covers the manageable timetable and presents the transaction at once. It only focuses to managing and saving transaction of registered client. DELIMITATION These are the following delimitations of the study: Only the administrator or else the person in-charge could see the transactions, can manipulate the any transaction regarding the registered client. The study does not cover the other department such as stock inventory or the user payroll system. Outside from the procedure propose the system cannot operate the other needs of the user. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The study goal is to have a manageable and organize transaction regarding by the event that the company will catered. This is to build a wise and strategic marketing plan to attract customer, quite easily to interact with the client and produce upgradable system as the benefit of the company. To give a categorize transaction of record for company which be materialize by them, helping to contain transaction without difficulty and can easily to determine the ways and need depends the ways the client demands. This is for  the innovation of the company processing on the events giving them system to be use and the same time knowledgeable impartation of others gaining the idea and skills to use with. DEFINITION OF TERMS The following terms below help you to understand more regarding the study. 1. Online Booking System It is a web base system which helps to store data given by the client. 2. Administrator Refer as â€Å"watchman† of the system whom have the full access of the system, person that can only can see and manipulate the transact data of the system. 3. Client Also called as the secondary user, the person who give the data regarding the services given or offered and whom the system is mainly expected to use system. 4. Wamp Software application serve as our database server that loads the entire client transact data. 5. Hosting It is a web internet application helps us to publish the system to the web. 6. Php It is a web language helps us to develop the structure and the design of the system. 7. Dreamweaver It is a web developer application where we used to edit the whole design and form of the system. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This chapter presents various articles, write-ups and other related case studies that will serve as guide to the proposed study which is Booking System for the Organize First; an Events and Organizing Company. These concerned about the indulging and forming of the proposed study. FOREIGN LITERATURE Building system needs paraphernalia’s to modulate and equip the system functions and to understand how it goes. That’s why we need references for any kind of research. However, there is system function in different industries. The following are foreign literature and this will help us to understand more often our study. Wherever, there are technological advances for individual who in the networking market industries are very much popular and beneficial as well very useful. CHECKFRONT INCORPORATED Check front Inc is an emerging global leader in e-business tools for schedule based businesses. They strive to build smart, intuitive and powerful cloud based tools that help organizations centralize their business, improve customer engagement, market and sell their services online. Operating in 22 countries, their customers cover a wide range of service based businesses with the majority in the tourism, hospitality, event and rental industries. Many of their customers have come to them to replace legacy technology, or when looking to scale an existing business. Since their earliest release, or customers have driven our development road map, and continue to shape the product today. In June 2010, after a very successful beta, we launched version 1.0 of their booking platform. Checkfront utilizes the best of cloud based technologies to offer a state of the art, powerful and flexible application. They has secure back-office management application allows you to manage your business anywhere, and our self-service booking system integrates seamlessly into any website. There are a favorite among development and design agencies due to their ease of integration, adaptable configurations and extendibility. (http://www.checkfront.com/) BOOKINGBUG CORP. The Team behind BookingBug are experienced developers and designers who want  to help businesses make the best use of the internet. BookingBug was founded by Glenn Shoosmith who is based in the UK and Gregory Bockenstette who is based in the US giving us a cross-atlantic founding team. They built BookingBug to help the hundreds of thousands of small service businesses who need to manage their time and to reach their customers more efficiently. By building BookingBug as an embeddable and affiliate driven system from the outset, theyve allowed many directory sites, social networks, portals and community sites to not only help service-orientated businesses, but to also helps themselves, creating content and potential revenue. They are always pleased when clients contact them to talk about their specific requirements. If BookingBug cannot already meet your needs, then they would be happy to discuss a customized solution to suit your business. They are always looking for new features that could benefit the widest range of customers. http://www.bookingbug.com/ Direct Commerce Technology Co., Ltd. (DCT), The owner and operator of Calypso System, has established itself as the Distribution Network of the Travel Industry. As the technology backbone for all travel related business, Calypso System connects travel operators to distribution partners, handling and processing the supply chain using e-commerce, including e-distribution, e-payment gateway, and online reporting system. The company started business on January 1st, 2000. Their management and their talented customer service team have vast knowledge in the hospitality travel industry. Their professional technical team has comprehensive experience in network computing, programming, the Internet and e-commerce industry. Their Mission: Bring the most benefits to the travel industry and the travelers. As a hub for travel products, Calypso System provides powerful interface, instant online reservation system, and international distribution channel.  Portal and travel websites earn benefits from our user-friendly instant online reservation system. Hotel and chain hotels can greatly leverage our sophisticated state-of-the-art technology designed for back office as well as for website visitors. Agents and tour operators benefit from being in e-marketplace where potential buyers have access to them in anywhere at any time. Calypso System is not a virtual provider. They have their own hardware, software, and networks and the manpower to support the entire system on a global basis. Their professional Technical Support team will ensure that your operation is constantly performing at its best. Their dedicated Customer Service team will cater to your need and provide you with detailed information on all aspect of their system. (http://www.calypsosystem.com/) LOCAL LITERATURE The following are other set of various local literatures. Likewise, to the foreign literature this also serves as reference to determine and scrutinize the ideas between different parties of dignified literature an industry. TNT EXPRESS PHILIPPINE In the Philippines, TNT Express Worldwide remains the only undisputed business-to-business express service provider. The company began its seminal operations in 1982 with a small office situated in the country’s financial district of Makati. In 1997, the company moved to a 4,300 square meter prime cargo centre adjacent to the Ninoy Aquino International Airport. The current office has an available warehouse of 1,200 square meters, more than 300 employees, 83 vehicles and at least 115 flights per week. TNT Express Philippines has 2 satellite offices in Makati and Shaw. MANILA, Philippines — TNT Express Philippines’ innovative online import booking system has expanded its worldwide coverage and now allows regular importers to conveniently and quickly arrange the collection of a document, parcel or pallet from over 170 countries in the TNT network. Previously, the online service that enables importers to directly control how  their shipment is collected, delivered and billed covers 168 countries. The expanded Express Import service, which also allows importers to choose the exact hour or day of delivery based on his budget to control shipping cost, now covers 99 percent of the global economy. Importers can use the market-leading tool just by enrolling in the service at TNT’s website (www.tnt.com) for free. Express Import is live for receivers in 57 countries and is available in 55 languages. The delivery can also be tracked online – and in real-time. Complementing the online import booking service is TNT Express Philippines’ flexible billing scheme. The importer does not need to send money directly to the supplier abroad to pay for the pickup. Instead, TNT bills the importer in the Philippines in local currency. Aside from billing in the importer’s own currency, communication in the customer’s preferred language and visibility of cost up-front, the Express Import system provides users only one account number for import and export. The exclusive account is accessible only to importers ensuring confidentiality of import details. Furthermore, Express Import users do not need to deal with different time zones, unlike in the traditional cross border booking or over-the-phone booking. All messages are relayed directly to the sender and receiver via e-mail and not dependent on TNT acting as a third party. The introduction of the new service shows TNT’s commitment to the Philippines’ export-import foreign trade. (http://www.tnt.com/express/tl_ph/site/home.html) (http://www.mb.com.ph/node/316173/tnt-online-booking-) PROVAB TECHNOSOFT COMPANY PROVAB, an organization providing value to business, realizes the importance of customization of web services with respect to the client’s requirement. By providing best in class web services in the area of website design development, web application development, ecommerce solutions, portal development and search engine optimization, PROVAB also strives to improve  the client’s capability, thereby helping them achieve their objectives. Being a leading travel technology company, we provide innovative solutions like online booking system and travel booking system to customers across the globe. By providing best in class web development services seo services, we also strive to improve the clients capability, thereby helping them achieve their objectives. Global Distribution System, as GDS is called, connects millions of providers to provide a common platform for bookings (flight, hotel, packages and cars) to users across the globe. As a leading Sabre GDS integration company, we work on GDS systems and low cost air carriers to provide our clients the comprehensive flight booking system. Whether you have signed for with Sabre, Amadeus, Galileo, Travelport or you don’t have IATA agency and want to work with GSA’s or published fares, we offer the best of the solutions to our clients. After GDS integration with B2B, B2C and Admin modules in place, client would have a robust online travel booking system and would be able to do live bookings of flights, hotels, holiday packages, cars and would also be create agents as well. IAWEB INTERNATIONAL PHILIPPINES IT and Hospitality professionals from 5 different countries founded IAWeb in 1997 to emphasize on the Internet solutions for the Asian Hospitality Travel Industry. The company now has grown to include offices in Hong Kong, the Philippines and China. This melting pot of experience, fresh ideas, unconventional approach to challenges, and an understanding of your hospitality business needs gives us the competing edge to assure your success with IAWeb International. This is frequently referred as Global Distribution System (GDS). Our service is an enterprise-wide central reservation system, which maintains a single  real time database environment, accessed through all Reservation Channels, may it be Travel Agent, Hotels website, Partner websites and other Online Distribution Channels. It is driven by the originating source within the Channel, and is easily managed by the hotel management via the Internet. GDS connectivity lists your hotel with the worlds travel agencies, online via the Internet or directly on the Travel Agent terminals. Customized listing on all 4 GDS (Galileo, Amadeus, Worldspan and Sabre) and as well on the Pegasus online data distribution. Your hotel will have the best booking potential. The fastest and most reliable CRS available rates and availability update in seconds. Our support team completes initial set up of your hotels GDS listing with industry approved descriptions and rate plans. We custom load your photos and ensure that your rate plans and room codes match the requirements of each GDS channel. Once live, your reservations staff can easily manage the database via the Internet with easy to use menus. Our support team is as well available to assist during business hours. The Global Distribution Systems (GDS) have long been the main tool for travel agents bookings in the world. Today these systems do much more than supply content rates and hotel inventory to thousands of On-line Travel websites (OTA). When you visit a Travel Agent you will see consultants working at their PCs finding and booking flights, hotels, resorts, car rental and much more. All from the one computer screen. Distribution systems (GDS) continue to be the backbone for travel agents, in-house corporate travel departments, and many of the Internet distribution systems like Travelocity. They deliver rates and availability information for travel covering air, hotel, car rentals and many other travel products. The information is delivered to the travel agent, so that it appears on their desktop computer using special software to search, display rates and book. (http://www.iaweb.net/) (http://www.iaweb.net/global-distribution-systems/central-reservation-system.html) CHAPTER III MATERIALS AND METHODS This chapter presents the explanation of the research method that are used; the research methods and instruments, the procedures of how it will conducted and gathering all information data needed in the case study, and the respondents of the study. This may also present the system Data Flow Diagram (DFD) and Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD). RESEARCH AND DESIGN The Research and Design is consists of information from the company we proposed in. As the completion of the study to apply in our proposed system we’ve interviewed the staff to get information using the methods given through surveys and interview. Prior to the development of the system, we conduct research through online, planning, brainstorming; sharing the ideas we have in mind to determine the best and effective idea to use for the development of the system. RESEARCH METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS The researcher used several of following methods and instruments in gathering the information data for the study: Brainstorming – the method that we use to gather the information and ideas from the other people who have knowledge and ideas regarding about our system. Choosing title, we bit confused of what title we should choose but prior to all prospected themes of systems we come up to choose car wash inventory and online booking. Yet we fall out in online booking system; the system approved by. Letter – for able to invite the prospected company to be the subject of the case study and able to have the approval of the prospected company, we use letter to make it formal and perfectly proper just to show respect but among other things is to be responded also by through letter. Interview – this way conducting interview to the prospected company for the sake of proposed system will be beneficial to the researcher to gain related informational data that can be used t o the proposed system. The researcher bought with him a pad which contained questions talking about the company’s history that will soon serve as bases in designing the study. Online Research – these serve as the main source of  gathering information data in constructing the making of the system because along the way of creating the system we need other references that will give bases and that are related in the study. Survey Questionnaire – it is a chain that full of questions used and given to several individuals who has direct connection to the company; this will help gather information data that will serve as guide to meet the satisfaction of the prospected company of the proposed system. Documentary Analysis – The proponent studied the transactional records of the company, the preceding records and the performances of the active employees. RESEARCH PROCEDURE The following are the step by step procedure in conducting our research: First, the researchers discussed by sharing their own ideas to make title proposals. Second, the researchers deliver it to the teacher and make him choose the made titles. Third, the selected title must have a prepared proposal letter and to be submitted to the companies related on the study and wait for their response that they are approving. Fourth, the researchers must prepared some guide questionnaires and survey questionnaires as a tool to gather initial data to a company that will approve the proposal. Fifth, the researchers must start doing the documents about the company that was approved with them. Sixth, the researcher must start designing the system forms and windows according to their objectives. Seventh, the researchers starts putting a codes to the design for it to function well and can store data that the hospital neede. Eighth, the researcher tests the proposed system if it runs well or has a pro blem. Ninth, if the system experiences an error the researchers must start debugging the program and start testing again until there were no more bugs in the system. RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY On our study, they were four respondents that approved our study. First, the respondent whom is the person-in-charge in the operation of the company and so the person we’ve explained about the goal, objective and other concerns of the system studied, followed by the other three staff which are the people in-charge in the field operation like person in-charge in technical, production and designing which are the persons we asked through surveying  and interviewing them, introducing to them the proposed system. We start conducting our interviews and surveys the things about what are the things we need to do and the things which are they suggest to put on the system just to be effective. DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION This chapter talks about the design implementation of feasibility of the study, operational feasibility, technical feasibility, economic feasibility of the propose system. The benefit of this design implementation is to impart knowledge to all the users to aware the software and hardware capability implementations of the propose system. This system implementation could help the Events Avenue to have their transaction upgrade and manage orderly. FEASIBILITY STUDY The feasibility of the study is all about online booking process introducing it through the company Event Avenue bringing upgrade their transactional process manual into systematic approach to how it will do manages and organize their any transaction. OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY The main objective of the study is to develop a system which can give a big benefit into the Events Avenue in terms of their services through making their transaction become systematic by keeping their data manage orderly and can be helpful to the clients and the same time to the employee of the company having a transaction online and keep the record safely without hassle to input it manually. TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY These are the factors that could affect and relates the performance of the system that must be considered. The hardware and software were the main consideration for the functionalities of the system to avoid such difficulties and malfunction of the system. The following technical requirements must be met in order for the effective work of the system and the error may be lessened: PROPOSE HARDWARE SPECIFICATION Recommended Requirements Processor Intel – Core 2 Duo – 3.0 GHz Hard Disk SATA 500GB RAM 2GB DDR3 Video Card Mobile Intel ® 4 Series Express Chipset Minimum Requirements Processor Intel – Core 2 Duo – 1.0 GHz Hard Disk SATA 250GB RAM 1GB DDR3 Video Card Ati radeon PROPOSE SOFTWARE SPECIFICATION Software Requirements Software Name Specification Operating System Windows 7 or any OS Front End Firefox or Google Chrone Back End MySQL Server 5.5 Server Cpanel ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY The Economic feasibility of the study is to estimates the corresponding and possible amount that should state while implementing this proposed system while working out on it from the designing, documenting and to implement it in the company chosen. COST AND BENEFITS ANALYSIS The cost of the system was simplified based to the resources while making the project and the benefits identifies that using this computerized system it can give options of services and cater multiple user/client using the internet and could initialize transact records easily that may help the employee identify their suppose task ahead. Both can help the client and employees; for the client may just use its internet to access and the employees it can lessen their work and effort. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS CASE MANUAL COMPUTERIZED Meeting with the clients. 5 hours consumed 1 hour consumed Search for the recorded files. 15 minutes consumed 5 minutes consumed Closing with the deal with the clients. 10 minutes consumed 5 minutes consumed COST ESTIMATION Particulars Cost Estimate Web page design/coding/debugging(42days) (42x 500) Php 21,000.00 Finalization of site(22 days) (22500) Php 11,000.00 Total Php 32,000.00 PROSPECTIVE USER This part of the proposed study discuss about the prospected user of the project which later may use the simple online booking with its transactional data usage, to perform to managing and organized transactional event. There are two distinct prospective users and that are the following stated below: Prospective Client User. – The prospective Client User it is refers to the client whom will register for the service of the company. Administrator –The Administrator it is refers to the person who is in-charge to the position to update the transaction form and can have the full access to manipulate in the website. IMPLEMENTATION For enable to produce an effective and very useful product implemented to Event Avenue pioneer, General Santos City, the proponent put up a various procedures to let this study successfully implemented. The proponent considered the internet which it was acted the main point or the main base of this study and network connection which this study will work. PROGRAM SPECIFICATION In order for the system to run, it needs WAMP acted as the database of the system or the system memory and as well the back end of the system and also Dreamweaver a web developer application where we edited or made our system design using the PHP language and also hosting to publish the system in the internet. TESTING The testing is the process where you could check your system before its implementation. Through this kind of process we could identify the flaws of the system. This is one of the requirements needed to specify for a quality output of the project. PERFORMANCE TESTING Testing is very important securing the implementation of the study to  checking up looking for various threats of errors. And scrutinize it if the program runs as it is which it base is was in the internet before it being uploaded and use. MAINTENANCE AND SUPPORT We strictly suggest and are reminded about the hosting of the system for it will run online and check up your computer for viruses and you must back up the file of the transaction of events for the safety proper of not losing data to secure transaction from malicious malware or any viruses. Curing is better than prevention and to cure failure and other future and other difficulties always check your data print it and back up it for avoiding the record lose. CHAPTER V SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION SUMMARY The proponent conducted interviews, surveys, went to research, surfing to internet to gather data information regarding to the information must need by making the study. Also, proponent takes some advises and suggestions from the adviser added to the needed data for the study. On the way of planning the study, we undergo so many stages of steps and methods such as the background of the study, statement of the problems, objectives, importance, significance, scope and delimitation of the study. As well, taking some related literature regarding about the proposed study. After all of this methods the testing are followed for the implementation of the system thereby for if the study is whether successful to implement. The proponent used Dreamweaver PHP and WAMP machinery for the making of the study. Upon after installing the various systems, we abruptly build the form of the study and the needed attachment for the implementation. This will be the basis of the proponent to determining succ essful implementation. And also, the proponent not just talks about the outcome of the study but also the possibility of encountered errors by implementing the study successfully. As the proponent trying our best to produce a better outcome for even though it  is not that quite easy. CONCLUSION In regards to all the data that gathered especially from the data surveys along with the questionnaires in the respondent Event Avenue – Pionner, General Santos City, therefore, we conclude that the Study can give the Administrator an easily operation and knowledgeable outcome of better manageable transactions, that the study can give the Event Avenue a better and convenient work regarding to how the operation going for newly approach of systematic process that the technology can give, that the study will give Event Avenue a profitable and beneficial process that certain IT industry can modify and upgrade. We as the proponent want that this online booking system become upgradable and well develop so many can benefit through this kind of system and so many will be satisfy by it works and lessen the hardship regarding the manual transaction with the clients. However, it should need the personal interaction with the clients. RECOMMENDATION As the proponent of the system, we intend to have a system which is beneficial to the users and helpful in terms of transacted records. To improve the quality and performance of the system and as well the security and the reliability of the system can give to the users. This propose system can be improve by developing its features and its transactional data recorded, creating more sequence regarding the design and transaction handle or catered by the system letting the user enjoy the capability and fullness of the system.

Trojan War :: essays research papers

The Trojan War took place more than a few thousand years ago in ancient Greece. It was a war waged by the Greeks on the city of Troy. This war was said to have lasted ten years. It was caused by the abduction of Helen by Paris. Helen at the time was married to King Menalaus of Sparta. To avenge the kidnapping King Agamemnon of Mycenae and the warriors of Odysseus and Archilles followed Helen and Paris back to Troy and waged war upon the city for ten years. One day, the warriors thought of an idea. They built a giant hallow wooden horse witch everyone piled into. Then they set it outside the gates of Troy. When Paris saw this horse he thought it was a gift and he had won the war he brought into the middle of the city. When night fell the belligerent men inside crawled out and conquered the city of Troy, then was the ten year war finally over. Although the Trojan war was not real, it was based on a another war at Troy, it has taught us some lessons in the field of strategy and war fighting. In the following passage you will read more about what the Trojan War and Horse has taught us. The Trojan War mostly taught us about strategies of winning wars. The basic lesson was that of, the more keen and cunning the ideas the better the chance you can have of winning. We have taken the lesson an applied it to each year and century. Starting with things like simple bow and arrows, we have took that and made snipers. Then came things like guns although at first they were hard to use now we have guns that could kill from yards upon yards away. Even more recent we have infer red, "smart" bombs, tanks, bombers, helicopters, and also computers can be

Article Critique on “Black Hair” Essay

This story discussed the life of a sixteen year old man who wanted to become independent in his life but does not know how to start. The protagonist of the story was the narrator. He showed his life in a blurred path where he could not able how to distinguish the facts and fictions of life. It means that he is still incapable of being a productive individual in his society because he himself could not understand how his life works in the general perspective of human nature. Though he knows how things work, he could not manage these things in normal and proper way. Because of this, the protagonist still need to learn from what is true, right, and wrong from everything that is beyond his reach so that there would be greater knowledge and self-esteem that would grow in his identity. Based on my reading in the whole story, I can say that the whole setup of the story tackles the issues and personal identity of the persona. He pitied himself because he did not know what he is doing in his surroundings. He does not know how to look for a right job, right home, and right place to go in his everyday living. This became the conflict of the story. Everything was focused in his ways and perspectives as neophyte in his journey of life. At the end of the story, he remained clueless with those things that he encountered even the coke machine where he could not find one when he is thirsty. The implication of the story is that the author showed the angst of a young man who seeks independence in the world of real life. When we are with our family, we could not feel the pressure of having a life. We always think of the better things that we could manage but through this story, we tend to realize how things work when we are already alone. It shows that life is always a cycle and a chosen ground. When we choose to ignore the things that we encounter during our early days, it would not give us the privilege to know what true life is because we are incapable of living – to understand and to learn things around us. Reference Soto, G. Black Hair pp. 296-302

Blunders and Thanks

I have always been fascinated by the rich and famous. They looked so much in control of every situation they were in. They exude a certain aura of power and many people just simply adore them. I will not try to pretend that I knew a lot of this people but in the community where I was living, a youngish couple who owned the largest construction supply business happened to live there, in a three-storey building and I often watched them with awed interest. I have bought a few things in their store and their office paneled in glass looked so grand.The second floor of the building is a showcase for home furnishings and looking at the prices of their goods only the rich could afford them, I’d mused. I learned from people talking that the third floor is their residence and as people talk, they said that it was a state of the art home, deserving for the very rich. The husband drove the grandest car in this part of our town and every morning I watch him drove to some place, attache cas e in hand, looking impressive and successful. The young wife stayed and manned the office and she too took the kind of self-assured look her husband radiates. The young couple was my inspiration.I would like to own a business one day and like them, I would be powerful too. From their looks, I believed that money brings satisfaction and contentment, happiness too. A lot of times when I daydream, I would picture myself in the fashion of the young couple’s situation, very much contented and in control over my business, employees and in every deal I have for my business. Judging from the meager income I earned from my job, the prospect looked bleak and oftentimes, I would feel frustrated. I was taking the ferry to the city and while waiting for the boat to leave, I was engaged with those day dreams again.I was deep into it when I noticed that familiar car getting at the 2 gangplank and the driver hurrying to open the passenger seat. Out came the young wife of the businessman carr ying a small bag. She is taking the boat and she is alone. She looked so chic with that small black dress and oversized Jackie O sunglasses. I lost her when she gets into the ferry. I was about to continue with my fantasy when a familiar voice roused me. â€Å"Is this seat taken? † It was her, looking a bit lost. â€Å"No,† I told her as she sat beside me. I am taking this trip alone. My husband arranged a car to fetch me at the pier. You go to our store sometimes didn’tyou? † I am surprised she noticed. â€Å"Yes,† I told her. I would have added, â€Å"I am your fan† least I would look stupid. â€Å"I am going to my husband’s youngest brother’s funeral. † â€Å"He will be buried today. † â€Å"Yes, she continued without waiting for me to ask, he is very young† â€Å"He is a special child you know and his family committed him into an institution. † There is a peculiar way about the way she talked to m e. We were not talking really. She expected me to listen and be attentive to her chat away. She did not even look at me. She talked about being bored to death at the store. She complained about the monotonous chores she have todo every day of her life including Sunday lunches at her husband’s family country house. She confessed about being jealous at people who have time to spend weekends at bars and cafes having good times with friends and meeting strangers. In-between confessions and complains she would get a call from somebody and they would talk for a minute or two. Some of those calls were from their office and others from the party of the funeral judging from her conversations on her phone. I was surprised with my reaction with her. The very first time I am nearest the person I so admired and she talked to me of things I considered so personal andbetween close friends only yet I do not feel the inspiration I expected to feel. I felt so drained. I 3 felt that this woman seeped my strength like a vampire sucking blood from her victims. The boats horn sounded signaling we have reached our destination. â€Å"You are going to the city aren’t you? † she asked, â€Å"You can share a ride with me, I’d be bored alone in that car,† she added. Instinct told me to say no and I did. â€Å"I am meeting someone in the pier,† I lied. â€Å"I would take the bus but thanks anyway and leave hurriedly away. â€Å"So much for the rich and famous,† I thought so amused.

Thuy-Khue Tran Ms. Takao Essays

Thuy-Khue Tran Ms. Takao Essays Thuy-Khue Tran Ms. Takao Paper Thuy-Khue Tran Ms. Takao Paper They have covered most memorable and important stories but they do it with a media bias. Behind their words lies a tone of persuasion; they hope to influence us in one direction or another. Since the early days of the newspaper, there have been racial, political, and class bias. Hitler bombarded his public with news of immoral Jews during World War II (Weikart 158). The constant persuasion in the newspaper led the people to believe his words as truth. The media brainwashed them into believing the fictional stories. Although this is an extreme example in history, journalism bias still exists in our current news. As a result we can see things not as they are, but we can see things how others view them. Other people can influence our thoughts and beliefs with their opinions. Like World War II, politicians today use propaganda to persuade and sway the public. People rely on the news as a source of information, but some do not realize that through the communication of facts and data, there also is also a transfer of bias. In the 17th century, Europeans believed that mice originated from clothes under a warm hearth because scientists and researchers at the time supported abiogenesis, spontaneous life. The image of mice running to and emerging from the hearth fell on blind eyes. The society of the 17th century in Europe followed the views of others and ignored their own sense of sight and logic because the information originated from professionals in the field of biology. However, it is possible to adopt other peoples views as your own; therefore, it becomes a part of who we are. If we embed someone elses original belief in our list of certainties, then it also becomes one of our beliefs. However, the world is not an utopia where every ones thoughts, ideals, and opinions are identical. We have a predisposition for language to communicate their ideas; therefore, they have a predisposition for bias. Our biases may originate from our innate emotions. If we feel pride, disgust, anger, and happiness then we convey these emotions through our actions. Feelings may be temporary or long lasting but they are still powerful influences on our understanding of knowledge. Emotions can cloud or clarify our understanding depending on our biases. As in the case of the music industry in South Korea, a popular singer was recently exiled from his company and country because he wrote I hate Korea four years ago on a social networking website. Citizens in South Korea were upbraided and demanded that he be reprimanded by sending him back to America. Four years ago as an American immigrant, he was separated from his family, friends, and the culture that he was accustomed to; thus he wrote the words I hate Korea. Although the word hate is exchanged casually in America, it is a great insult in South Korea. The citizens of South Korea have a overwhelming sense of pride for their country and are very nationalistic. As a result, they became angry at a remark made four years ago. Emotions took hold of the media and people of a whole country; their feelings of anger and resentment skewed their understanding of what seems like a small issue. However, this may be a case of lost in translation and cultural differences. The things that we see such as beliefs, information, people and problems can be viewed objectively. As a counter claim, we can assume that some people do not have to sift through their prejudices simply because they do not have any. The counterclaim considers if it is possible to think independently of our inclinations. Do we behave according to nature or nurture? Humans are programmed by nature to be influenced by experiences, emotions, culture, and creed so they need to sort out the filters that create uncertainties and distortions in our minds, therefore refuting the counterclaim. In the case of the observer effect, the presence of an observer may make people nervous or embarrassed by his or her attention and this may lead them to change their behavior (Lagemaat 261). The purpose of human sciences is to dissect why and how humans think and feel. Humans are born unbiased and blank as a slate a shell without beliefs or opinions. As humans age and grow, they become biased with the accumulation of knowledge. However, human sciences do not have a method in predicting the trends in human behavior because each individual has different experiences, backgrounds and religions. The languages that we speak, the senses we have, the culture we belong to, and the emotions that we rely upon play essential roles in peoples understanding of how things really are. An individual must recognize the existence of these filters in order to identify reality which leads to the removal or altercation of the filter. Reflection, analysis, education play important roles in the process of the way we analyze and react to external and internal conflicts. People need to break apart the mechanics of perception and interpretation so they can see past the factors that block them from the pursuit of knowledge. Goode , Erica, and Olivier Messiaen. When People See a Sound and Hear a Color. The New York Times. 23 February 1999 late ed. : 3F. Van de Lagemaat, Richard. Theory of Knowledge: for the IB Diploma. United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Common Stereotypes About Africa

Common Stereotypes About Africa In the 21st century, there’s never been more focus on Africa than now. Thanks to the revolutions sweeping through North Africa and the Middle East, Africa has the world’s attention. But just because all eyes happen to be on Africa at the moment doesn’t mean myths about this part of the world have been dispelled. Despite the intense interest in Africa today, racial stereotypes about it persist. Do you have any misperceptions about Africa? This list of common myths about Africa aims to clear them up. Africa Is a Country What’s the No. 1 stereotype about Africa? Arguably, the biggest stereotype is that Africa’s not a continent, but a country. Ever hear someone refer to African food or African art or even the African language? Such individuals have no idea that Africa’s the second largest continent in the world. Instead, they view it as a tiny country with no distinct traditions, cultures or ethnic groups. They fail to realize that referring to, say, African food sounds just as odd as referring to North American food or the North American language or the North American people. Africa’s home to 53 countries, including island nations along the continent’s coast. These countries contain diverse groups of people who speak a variety of languages and practice a wide range of customs. Take Nigeria- Africa’s most populous country. Among the nation’s population of 152 million, more than 250 distinct ethnic groups live. While English is the former British colonys official language, the dialects of ethnic groups indigenous to the West African nation, such as Yoruba, Hausa, and Igbo, are commonly spoken as well. To boot, Nigerians practice Christianity, Islam and indigenous religions. So much for the myth that all Africans are alike. The most populated nation on the continent certainly proves otherwise. All Africans Look the Same If you turn to popular culture for images of people on the African continent, you’re likely to notice a pattern. Time and time again, Africans are depicted as if they’re one and the same. You’ll see Africans portrayed wearing face paint and animal print and all with nearly pitch black skin. The controversy surrounding singer Beyonce Knowles’ decision to don black face for French magazine L’Officiel is a case in point. In a photo shoot for the magazine described as â€Å"a return to her African roots,† Knowles darkened her skin to a deep brown, wore splotches of blue and beige paint on her cheekbones and leopard print clothing, not to mention a necklace made out of bone-like material. The fashion spread sparked public outcry for a number of reasons. For one, Knowles portrays no particular African ethnic group in the spread, so which roots did she pay tribute to during the shoot? The generic African heritage L’Officiel claims Knowles honors in the spread really just amounts to racial stereotyping. Do some groups in Africa wear face paint? Sure, but not all do. And the leopard print clothing? That’s not a look favored by indigenous African groups. It simply highlights that the Western world commonly views Africans as tribal and untamed. As for the skin-darkening- Africans, even sub-Saharan ones, have a range of skin tones, hair textures, and other physical traits. This is why some people pegged L’Officiel’s decision to darken Knowles’ skin for the shoot unnecessary. After all, not every African is black-skinned. As Dodai Stewart of Jezebel.com put it: â€Å"When you paint your face darker in order to look more ‘African,’ aren’t you reducing an entire continent, full of different nations, tribes, cultures, and histories, into one brown color?† Egypt Isn’t Part of Africa Geographically, there’s no question: Egypt sits squarely in Northeast Africa. Specifically, it borders Libya to the West, Sudan to the South, the Mediterranean Sea to the North, the Red Sea to the East and Israel and the Gaza Strip to the Northeast. Despite its location, Egypt is often not described as an African nation, but as Middle Eastern- the region where Europe, Africa, and Asia meet. This omission stems mostly from the fact that Egypt’s population of more than 80 million is heavily Arab- with up to 100,000 Nubians in the South- a drastic difference from the population of sub-Saharan Africa. Complicating matters is that Arabs tend to be classified as Caucasian. According to scientific research, the ancient Egyptians- known for their pyramids and sophisticated civilization- were neither European nor sub-Saharan African biologically, but a genetically distinct group. In one study cited by John H. Relethford in the Fundamentals of Biological Anthropology, ancient skulls belonging to populations from sub-Saharan Africa, Europe, the Far East and Australia were compared to determine the racial origin of ancient Egyptians. If Egyptians did indeed originate in Europe, their skull samples would closely match those of ancient Europeans. Researchers found, however, that this wasn’t the case. But the Egyptian skull samples weren’t similar to those of sub-Saharan Africans either. Rather, â€Å"the ancient Egyptians are Egyptian,† Relethford writes. In other words, Egyptians are an ethnically unique people. These people happen to be situated on the African continent, though. Their existence reveals Africa’s diversity. Africa Is All Jungle Never mind that the Sahara Desert makes up one-third of Africa. Thanks to Tarzan films and other cinematic portrayals of Africa, many mistakenly believe that jungle occupies most of the continent and that ferocious beasts roam its entire landscape. Black activist Malcolm X, who visited several African countries before his assassination in 1965, took issue with this depiction. He not only discussed Western stereotypes of Africa but also how such stereotypes resulted in black Americans distancing themselves from the continent. â€Å"They always project Africa in a negative light: jungle savages, cannibals, nothing civilized,† he  pointed out. In reality, Africa houses  a wide range of vegetation zones. Only a small portion of the continent includes jungle or rainforests. These tropical areas are located along the Guinea Coast and in the Zaire River Basin. Africa’s largest vegetation zone is actually savanna or tropical grassland. Moreover, Africa’s home to urban centers with populations in the multimillions, including Cairo, Egypt; Lagos, Nigeria; and Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. By 2025, more than half of the African population will reside in cities, according to  some estimates. Black American Slaves Came From All Over Africa Largely due to the misconception that Africa’s a country, it’s not uncommon for people to assume that black Americans have ancestors from all over the continent. In reality, the slaves traded throughout the Americas originated specifically along Africa’s western coast. For the first time, Portuguese sailors who’d previously traveled to Africa for gold returned to Europe with 10 African slaves in 1442, PBS  reports. Four decades later, the Portuguese built a trading post on the Guinean shore called Elmina, or â€Å"the mine† in Portuguese. There, gold, ivory, and other goods were traded along with African slaves- exported for weapons, mirrors, and cloth, to name a few. Before long, Dutch and English ships began arriving at Elmina for African slaves as well. By 1619, Europeans had forced a million slaves into the Americas. Altogether, 10 to 12 million Africans were forced into servitude in the New World. These Africans were â€Å"either captured in warring raids or kidnapped and taken to the port by African slave traders,† PBS notes. Yes, West Africans played a key role in the transatlantic slave trade. For these Africans, slavery was nothing new, but African slavery in no way resembled North and South American slavery. In his book, the  African Slave Trade, Basil Davidson likens slavery on the African continent to European serfdom. Take the Ashanti Kingdom of West Africa, where â€Å"slaves could marry, own property and even own slaves,† PBS explains. Slaves in the United States enjoyed no such privileges. Moreover, while slavery in the U.S. was linked to skin color- with blacks as servants and whites as masters- racism was not the impetus for slavery in Africa. Plus, like indentured servants, slaves in Africa were typically released from bondage after a set amount of time. Accordingly, slavery in Africa never lasted across generations. Wrapping Up Many myths  about Africa date back centuries. In the modern day, new stereotypes about the continent have emerged. Thanks to a sensationalistic news media, people worldwide associate Africa with famine, war, AIDS, poverty and political corruption. This isn’t to say that such problems don’t exist in Africa. Of course, they do. But even in a nation as wealthy as the United States, hunger, abuse of power and chronic illness factor into everyday life. While the continent of Africa faces enormous challenges, not every African is in need, nor is every African nation in crisis. Source Relethford, John. Fundamentals of Biological Anthropology. 2 edition, McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages, October 18, 1996.

Network Security and Different Ways to Secure Networks Essay

Network Security and Different Ways to Secure Networks - Essay Example The researcher states that assigning a password and an ID to a network is often called one-factor authentication while the two-factor authentication has often been identified when the account or network is secured by a security-token for e.g. an ATM Card or a mobile phone; and the three-factor authentication is distinguished by the use of the security measures such as a fingerprint or a retinal scan (de Jong et al, nd). It can be further secured by a firewall so that it could only be available to specific users of that network. Most of these utilities are being used by banks, armed forces, and, intelligence agencies etc. The Need for Network Security In practice, network security is an important part of many networks at homes, at public places, at colleges and universities and at various offices such as banks, stock exchanges, all kinds of multinational firms and other businesses, law enforcement agencies and even the Government offices and departments where important information is stored. The level of security needed and indeed, in use, varies from network to network and it depends on things such as the sensitivity of the data, the structure of the network, the size of the network and the threats to the network. A home user, for example, may not need to employ the same in-depth means of securing the network as, for example, a large multinational bank would. The reason for that is that there’s less sensitive data on a home network, there are fewer threats and there is not much at risk compared to the network of a bank. Now let’s take a look at the history of network security. The need for network security has been around since the time computers have existed, although this need was further emphasized after one of the most famous computer hackers of the world, Kevin Mitnick was arrested and convicted in 1995. Even before that, there were reported crimes related to computers and networks. The requirement for networks and networked computers to be s ecured was further enhanced after the Internet was made publically available in the 1990s. And gradually, in order to protect against loss of intellectual property, monetary loss, loss of sensitive customer data, invasions into personal privacy, disruptions to the working networks of large multinational firms and banks etc, further ways to secure the networks are being implemented. There are various ways in which the security of a network can be breached. In broader terms, the attacks can be categorized in two forms first one is a passive attack in which the hacker disturbs the travelling of data using the same network and in active attack the hacker uses different commands to change the network’s normal working. Both these attacks can have various forms. Some examples are Wiretapping, Idle scan, Port scanning, a Denial of Service attack, spoofing, ARP poisoning, smurf attack, heap overflow and SQL injection. Further to that, other forms of attacks such as Trojan Horses, Viru ses, Worms or Logic Bombs are also sometimes used. Ways to Secure Networks Securing a network depends on the type of network structure in place and the level of security which needs to be implemented.

Marketing 3000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing 3000 - Essay Example I have observed that generally, consumers are very price sensitive, especially during times of financial and economic crises. The most effective strategy that works to generate sales, repeated product purchase, and gain consistent patronage is if organizations implement a low price, yet high quality strategy. For basic necessities of homogeneous products (like soap, detergents, bread, coffee, milk, eggs), consumers with low purchasing power would opt to select those with the lowest costs. In supermarkets, therefore, organizations that aim to generate more volume in terms of revenues apply the least cost strategy. For example, the single-served coffee is gaining popularity in contemporary times. This market has been dominated by Nescafe where a 12-pack Taster’s Choice House Blend Instant Coffee costs $12.16. To enable to enter this market, Starbucks, which is known for its specialty coffee, previously served only in its respective coffee stores, have launched their single served Via in 12-pack pouches runs $9.95. When I learned of this move, of course, as a customer who perceived Starbucks as a projecting an image of high-priced, high quality coffee, definitely purchased Via, which as even lower in price than Nescafe’s Taster’s Choice. In another experience, the Cola wars between Coke and Pepsi had also undergone some price wars in the past. I remember being a Coke enthusiast ever since I can remember being allowed to drink carbonated drinks. Pegged almost at the same price, Coke and Pepsi have decided not to implement any price war because the strategy would be detrimental to both. However, there was a time when Pepsi came up with a new promotional strategy that enticed consumers to win cash prices by collecting specially printed Pepsi crowns. This promotion led to shifts in consumers’ purchases from Coke to Pepsi, despite the same price due to the offer of hopes to possibly win something big. When things like